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Cooler weather encouraged forest growth. Woodland period forests consisted of the same trees found today in Illinois. Upland forests were dominated by trees such as oak (Quercus), hickory (Carya), and elm (Ulmus). Bottomland forests consisted of trees such as maple (Acer), cottonwood (Populus), sycamore (Platanus), and basswood (Tilia).
The flat uplands of Illinois remained prairie.
Woodland people cultivated a variety of native plants in their gardens. These plants included goosefoot (Chenopodium bushianum), sunflower (Helianthus), sumpweed (Iva annua), maygrass (Phalaris caroliniana), and little barley (Hordeum pusillum).
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