With Art & Industry: 1890-1920
Ruby Livingston
Age 21
Chicago, 1919
The following story is based on a decision made by a real person.
At the end of the story, you will find questions and activities.
For more information, click on the pictures with captions.

10 Family arriving in Chicago [k]
Who was Ruby Livingston?

In 1919 on Chicago's South Side, there were about a hundred thousand Black Americans--twice as many as ten years before. Most of these new Illinois families had come from the deep South.

Twenty-one-year-old Ruby Livingston Sound was one of those who came searching for a better life. What she found was not what she expected.


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